Lightning Protocol (Energy Efficient Version) Demo
Lightning protocol is a hard real-time, fast, and lightweight (single) acoustic event localization protocol for wireless sensor networks. In basic Lightning protocol, wireless sensors are deployed in a square grid pattern. Every sensor is colored i (i = 1, 2, 3, 4), so that for any point on the plane, the enclosing four sensors have distinct colors. A sensor is either in radio frequency (RF) listening or broadcasting mode (but never both). Whenever a free (i.e. its state is neither winner nor loser) sensor hears the acoustic event, it broadcasts a noise on the wireless carrier for i time units. After that, if it does not hear any other noise on the wireless carrier, it wins the election; otherwise it loses the election. Whenever a free sensor hears a noise on the wireless medium, it loses the election. The protocol elects the closest sensor with only O(1) RF broadcast within O(1) time. Energy Efficient Lightning Protocol is also designed, which only turns on RF module during localization period. Specifically, all sensor nodes are in RF sleeping mode. When an acoustic event is heard, the wireless sensor node turns on radio and RF listen for D time units (D is a constant long enough for all sensors to hear the sound and turn on radio). All the rest are the same as basic Lightning Protocol. Experiments using U. C. Berkeley Mica Motes show the feasibility of the protocol in lab environments. The Lightning Protocol is published in the 2008 May issue of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, v7, n5, pp 570-584 [1], and is selected as the featured article for that issue. The conference version is published in the Proc. of the 25th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2004), pp. 371-381, Dec 5-8, 2004[2]. The narrator of this video clip is Qixin Wang.
[1] Qixin Wang, Rong Zheng, Ajay Tirumala, Xue Liu, and Lui Sha, "Lightning: A Hard Real-Time, Fast, and Lightweight Low-End Wireless Sensor Election Protocol for Acoustic Event Localization", in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, volume 7, issue 5, pp. 570-584, May, 2008. Selected as the Featured Article of TMC 2008 May Issue.
[2] Qixin Wang, Rong Zheng, Ajay Tirumala, Xue Liu, and Lui Sha, "Lightning: A Fast and Lightweight Acoustic Localization Protocol Using Low-End Wireless Micro-Sensors", in Proc. of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS 2004), pp. 371-381, Lisbon, Portugal, Dec. 5-8, 2004.
Author: wchshapp
Keywords:
acoustic localization network real-time sensor tracking wireless
Added: 2008-04-12T17:57:08.000-07:00
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